Idealists
See idealism.
1. Hegel
History is the unfolding of the Ultimate Reality going from confusion to self-consciousness through a dialectic process.
2. Kant
The ultimate reality is unknowable. We can know phenomena, but not the noumena.
3. Schopenhauer
The ultimate reality is a blind and irrational will that causes all suffering, and suffering can be escaped by giving up desires.
4. Indians
The Ultimate Reality projects the world.
Materialists
1. Marx
Materialism.
2. Haeckel
All reality is part of a single material substance. He rejected religious dualism.
Perspectivists
1. Neitzche
Models of reality are grounded on perspectives, and thus have human error.