Details about Lithium Ion Electrolyte Materials

Notes of Electrolyte Salts

• ${\text{LiPF}}_{\text{6}}$ (Lithium Hexafluorophosphate) (main conductive salt, decomposes at high temperatures, reacts with water traces to form toxic $\text{HF}$)
• $\text{LiBr}$ (Lithium Bromate) (common additive salt)
• ${\text{LiAsF}}_{\text{6}}$ (Lithium Hexafluoroarsenate)
• ${\text{LiClO}}_{\text{4}}$ (Lithium Perchlorate)
• $\text{LiBF}\text{4}$ (Lithium Tetrafluoroborate)
• ${\text{LiAlCl}}_{\text{4}}$ (Lithium Tetrachloroaluminate / Lithium Aluminium Chloride / Li-AC)
• ${\text{LiCF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}$ (Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate / Lithium Triflate / Li-TFS / LiOTf)
• ${\text{LiN(CF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{)}}_{\text{2}}$ (Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide / Lithium Bistriflimide / Li-TFSI / LiNTf₂)
• ${\text{LiC(SO}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CF}}_{\text{3}}{\text{)}}_{\text{3}}$ (Lithium tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide / Lithium Triflide / Li-TFSM / LiCTf₃)
• (Lithium Cyclo-difluoromethane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide / Li-DMSI)
• (Lithium Cyclo-hexafluoropropane-1,1-bis(sulfonyl)imide / LiHPSI)
• LiFSI
• LiBOB
• LiFAP
• LiBETI
• LiDFOB
• LiBFMB
• LiBison
• LiDCTA
• LiTDI
• LiPDI

NOTE

• Trifluoromethanesulfonate is also called Triflate, denoted as TF or -OTf
• Trifluoromethanesulfonyl group is also called Triflyl, denoted as -Tf
• Bis(Trifluoromethanesunfonyl)imide group is also called Bistriflimide or Bistriflimide, denoted as TFSI or -NTF₂

More Resources

• ScienceDirect Notes on Lithium Salts
  • Safety Levels
  • Ionic Radius (from van der Waals volumes)
  • Limiting Molar Conductivity
  • Degree of Dissociation
  • Passivity
• Royal Society of Chemistry Notes of Lithium Salts for Advance Lithium Batteries
  • Shows structures

Solid Electrolytes

They are divided into All-Solid-State-Electrolytes and Quasi-Solid-State-Electrolytes (or Gel Polymer Electrolytes).

All-Solid-State-Electrolytes can be divided into three categories, namely Inorganic Solid Electrolytes (ISEs), Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs), and Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSEs).

NOTE

Li-Po batteries use SPEs and GPEs.

Inorganic Solid Electrolytes (ISE)

Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE) / Dry SPE

An SPE was initially defined as a polymer matrix swollen with lithium salts, but is now referred to as Dry Solid Polymer Electrolyte.

• Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
• Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
• Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
• Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF)

Composite Solid Electrolytes (CSE)

Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPE)

• $\text{ce}Li10GeP2S12$ (LGPS)
• $\text{ce}Li6PS5Cl$ / $\text{ce}L{i}_{5.5}P{S}_{4.5}C{l}_{1.5}$ (LSPCI)
• Tetra-$\text{ce}Li7SiPS8$ (LiSiPS)
• $\text{ce}L{i}_{3+x}S{i}_x{P}_{1-x}{S}_4$ (Thio-LISICON)
• Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE)
• Garnet
• Thin Film (LiPON)